Adrian IV Quotes
Thou dost desire to enter into the island of Ireland, in order to subject the people to the laws and to extirpate the vices that have there taken root, and that thou art willing to pay an annual pension to St. Peter of one penny from every house, and to preserve the rights of the churches in that land inviolate and entire. We, therefore, … are well pleased that, for the enlargement of the bounds of the church. for the restraint of vice, for the correction of morals and the introduction of virtues, for the advancement of the Christian religion, thou shouldst enter that island, and carry out there the things that look to the honour of God and to its own salvation. And may the people of that land receive thee with honour, and venerate thee as their master;
Note the fact that the Vatican received a “fee” for in effect giving Ireland to Heny II. There are some people who doubt the authenticity of this particular bull. They argue that the English domination of Ireland was never sanctioned by the Church. Supporters of the authenticity however have the majority of the arguments. There are several Papal documents that refer to a Papal Bull sent to England’s king on the subject of Ireland. The “deal” with the cut for the church and the guarantee of church property was typical of deals made at the time. And there are copies of the bull that have been preserved (the original has never been found.)
Adrian IV, ~1100-1159, Roman Catholic Pope, Bull Granting English King Henry II the Right to Invade and Control Ireland, 1155
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There are some who question the authenticity of this Bull. However, its existence was supported by John of Salisbury who claimed to be the emissary who arranged the Bull. See {611696}. However, those who are shocked that the Pope could have been so crass as to “give” a country to Henry II for money have claimed that the writing of John was also a forgery,
He was the only English Pope. This was the authority that enabled English King Henry II to invade Ireland. Many historians consider it the beginning of the problems between the Ireland and England which persists to this day. See {610520}. Some scholars think that this bull was a forgery stating that the writing style was different from other bulls of Adrian IV. Opponents believe that a change in secretaries could easily have accounted for the difference.
He was the only English Pope. The act of invasion had been sanctified earlier in Adrian’s Papal Bull. See {610518}. Henry’s invasion was successful but the occupation and reform was a disaster which has ramifications to this day.
In effect, the English Parliament replaced the Pope as head of the Catholic church in Ireland with King Henry the VIII. He had already become the head of the Church in England when the Pope refused to grant him the right of divorce so that he could marry Anne Boleyn, The Irish clergy and many Irishman were aghast. They were instructed to erase the Pope from their literature {639436}. They were even more distressed when the English Royal Commission recommended the closing of all Irish monasteries. See {639434}.
See {610517} for the Papal Bull which “gave” Ireland to England. There has been some dispute over whether this was a forgery to support the authenticity of the Papal Bull which itself was questioned.
This quotation shows the unique relationship that the Irish Republic has had with the Catholic Church. There was probably no other non Muslim country in the world where a political leaders could get elected avowing this kind of loyalty and control by a religious heirerchy. See {639726} for an even more Irish, drastic departure from the concept of separation of church and state.
Juan Lopez de Vivero. This document was a written declaration of sovereignty and war, read by Spanish military forces to assert their sovereignty (a dominating control ) over the Americas and their peoples. He issued it on “behalf of the King, Don Fernando, and of Doña Juana I, his daughter, Queen of Castille. and León”. It was read to the native peoples of the New World in Spanish which they did not understand and then were held to it on penalty of death thereafter. It was the legal and philosophical foundation for the worst example of colonial abuse in history.
Coughlin was a great admirer of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini and the Fascists. He was one of the American “heroes” in Nazi Germany, receiving assistance from the Nazi government. Between his anti-Semitism and support for Hitler, Fascism and radical socialism, the Vatican ordered him off the air and shut down his political demagoguery.
The moral imperative of submission rather than allowing a war started by the aggressor, logical for Pizarro and Church leaders of the time, is the same logic of aggressors from Adolf Hitler to Saddam Hussein.
1st Earl of Beaconsfield
This is a classic example of institutional reluctance to examine history in the light and morality of the present. Nations have difficulties coming to grips with their pasts just as Churches and other institutions do.
The letter was written at the behest of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The quotation appears to ratify the Pope’s unlimited power, but in actuality carves out an exception whereby the Pope’s authority might be challenged in the future. Specifically, it claims the Pope has not the authority to alter that which “by the word of God, has eternal validity.” Politically, this position put the pope in a box. By arguing against the proposition, the Pope would have to maintain that he should have the right to alter the word of God that had eternal validity which no pope wanted to state. By not challenging the doctrine, there was an opening by which the pope’s omnipotence could be challenged in the future.
Professor Clark wrote this historical description of witchcraft and the Inquisition in contemporary verbiage as we would discuss the solution to serious problems of today. His overall point is that when society fears something, it establishes and institution to cope with the object of the fear, and the institution itself creates more fear as this is the way it “succeeds.” A more recent historical example was when Congress created House and Senate Committees to cope with the problem of communists infiltrating and undermining our important institutions. This had not been a problem until Senator Joseph McCarthy and a few others claimed that they had found thousands in our military, state department and other government agencies. In the final analysis, while there were NO witches, there were only a few former communists in government and most were fiction and imagination. Yet society went through a Red Scare that in some ways paralleled society’s problem with witchcraft.
The Roman Catholic Church then maintained that salvation was dependent upon obedience to the Pope in all things civil and religious. See {595166} for the way that the Church at the time allowed some authority to civil authorities.
Pope Adrian IV, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 4 December 1154 to his death in 1159. He is the only Englishman to have been pope.