Antonio Garra Sr. Quotes
If I could effect a juncture with the other Indian tribes of California, and commence an attack upon all the Americans wherever we could find them that the Californians would join with us and help me driving the Americans from the country. … I might revenge myself for the payment of taxes, which has been demanded of the Indian tribes. The Indians think the collection of taxes from them to be a very unjust measure.
The Cupeno Indians were considered “Mission Indians” and hence were taxed by San Diego California authorities although they had no representation in government nor could they vote. Garra led his people and tried to unite all the Indians of California in an armed uprising against “taxation without representation”. He was found guilty and executed by a firing squad although he has not been terribly different from the New England patriots rebelling against the English.
Antonio Garra, Sr., 1815?-1852, Cupeno Indian Chief, Statement after his capture, 1852
Sourced by: Eigen's Political and Historical Quotations
The Cupeno Indians were considered “Mission Indians” and hence were taxed by San Diego California authorities although they had no representation in government nor could they vote. Garra led his people and tried to unite all the Indians of California in an armed uprising against “taxation without representation”. He was found guilty and executed by a firing squad although he has not been terribly different from the New England patriots rebelling against the English.
The Cupeno Indians were considered “Mission Indians” and hence were taxed by San Diego California authorities although they had no representation in government nor could they vote. Garra led his people and tried to unite all the Indians of California in an armed uprising against “taxation without representation”. He was found guilty and executed by a firing squad although he has not been terribly different from the New England patriots rebelling against the English.
The description is of the Mexican conquest of Arizona and the Indian revolt. See {612107}
The rationale for paying these Indians was given in the beginning of the treaty. See {612283}. In addition the treaty provided for the Federal government to build a flour mill and a saw mill and provide technical staff to operate and maintain them. In an interesting gesture the Federal government rebuilt a church that had been the house of worship for some Oneida Presbyterians. The English and the other Iroquois had burned the church to the ground. See {621968}. This is one of the few times in history, and certainly the first time, that the Federal government constructed a church for a particular sect. The other tribes of the Iroquois nation had allied themselves with the English. See {583726}. Only the Oneida joined the colonist cause. At the end of the war, the other Iroquois tribes were run out of the country and they escaped to Canada. The Oneida, in contrast, were rewarded by the Federal government and integrated into New York State society.
Mengustu seized power in a coup. However his Marxist Dictatorship was very unpopular and a civil war soon started. The poorly armed opposition used guerrilla warfare insurgency techniques. Since the government was hated by most people there was much support for the guerrilla in the villages and countryside. Mengustu adopted a policy of genocide. The areas of the country which were sympathetic to the revolutionaries were then systematically starved by the government withholding food and attacked by allies who he armed.
Many radicals of the day argued that violence was a legitimate form of protest and self defense. Goldman urged then not to advocate violence because under the then existing law and practical considerations, that gave the law enforcement authorities the tools to persecute the dissidents.
In April 1832, Black Hawk led his warriors into Illinois to recapture their ancestral lands. The attempt was thwarted by American Army and Navy forces, and Black Hawk surrendered. Several months later he was sent East to meet with President Andrew Jackson. At that meeting, Black Hawk told the President:
Hull surrendered a few days later.
Instructions to followers in revolting against the mulattoes
The invasion failed, Hull lost even Detroit and the Michigan territory and was later court-marshaled.
Martin, then a young sailor had set forth from France to fight the Japanese in World War II. By the time he arrived in the Pacific, the Japanese were defeated and France was again trying to dominate Vietnam. It was a radicalizing experience for him.
Wilkes was a strong advocate for the American cause—so much so that some in Parliament tried to deny him his seat in Parliament for his disloyal point of view.
