Treaty Violation Quotes
The treaty was for the surrender of the city of Acre. King Richard led all the Christian Crusaders. He has always had a good reputation in the West, and most people—especially the English would be surprised to learn that in order to speed up compliance with a treaty he ordered this atrocity. Christian historians corroborate the slaughter.
This is a good example of how religious zeal has sometimes caused rulers to really do stupid things. Rather than try and negotiate a deal with the Sultan and pay an annual tribute or other such diplomatic solution as was common at the time, he was convinced that God would make sure that the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire—a holy city would not fall to the infidel and allow all the holy relics to fall into the hands of the heathen. In reality he would not fight for the inhabitants; he would force the inhabitants to fight for him and his view of the will of God. The message was taken by the young Sultan to be a personal challenge to him and to his God. See {634805} for his response to Constantine.
Young Mehmed II, had just replaced his dead father as Ottoman Turkish Sultan. Constantine XI had threatened to finance a cousin of Mehmed’s, Orhan and back his challenge to Mehmed for the Sultanate in order to put pressure on the young Sultan to renegotiate a treaty that had been signed with Mehmed’s father. It was a very ham-handed diplomatic effort, The Grand Vizier was the main force in the Ottoman Government counseling the new Sultan against war and an attack on Byzantium. He was furious as the Emperor’s action had weakened his influence with the young Sultan, who after he captured Byzntium later in the year, had his Grand Vizier executed.
Bolton had an idealistic view of the sanctity of treaties. For a more sophisticated “realpolitic” view, see {138034} .
This constitutional interpretation is what has caused many conservative Americans to generally oppose treaties and trade pacts. They claim that U. S. sovereignty is whittled away whenever a treaty is signed. And a treaty can possibly not only nullify state law in some instances, but prevent a state from legislating in a given area. The number of treaties and international agreements that American Presidents have signed but Congress would not ratify is quite large.