Islamic Leadership Quotes
Here Khomeini takes the classic Islamic view of the Koran that leaders should be obeyed unless they do not follow Islam. To the leaders of Islamic nations, this means that even if the state is not a theocracy, the Muslim clergy has the final say as to whether a ruler may justly remain in power since they are the ones who determine if a ruler is properly following Islam.
This principle explains why so many Islamic governments are monarchies and dictatorships. Islamic legitimacy requires the ruler to be sure that the society functions according to Sharia (Islamic Law). It is better if the ruler is selected by the senior and responsible members of society but that is not required. He could be a king or a dictator. And it is irrelevant how he comes to power under this interpretation so long as he rules following Islamic law. Saudi Arabia is an excellent example of a dictatorial monarchy which is considered legitimate since it follows Islamic law. Some modern Muslims do not support this traditional view and believe that a legitimate ruler must be selected by the will of the people.
In the Middle East, counties have often made bad deals or embarked upon damaging policies in order to appear to be strong. In that part of the world there is a firm belief that showing any weakness at all will invite many different forces to go after you. Iran has this vision of Islamic world leadership and if they so not appear to be very strong and powerful to the Muslim world, their aspirations will have been for naught.
The last Calif of the Muslims was removed in 1924 as part of the Turkish Reform. The position has had attraction for many Muslim leaders who saw themselves in the role, but since 1924, nationalism and modernism and the lack of an effective international Muslim leader has precluded it.
This quotation tells us important facts about the Caliphate in Moorish Spain. First, the Caliphate was not always hereditary. In this case the Caliph was picking his own successor who was not of his own family. In addition, there was some meritocracy expected by the Muslim population. Hisham had to extol the virtue of his selection. Last, nobility and high birth was not an absolute requirement. Hisham tells the people that he has searched both the aristocracy and the commoners looking for the right candidate. Actually, the successor had none of the virtues attributed to him. He was a dishonest scoundrel of the worst sort. The Caliph was very weak, and Abd Al-Rahman al Sanchol not only persuaded the Caliph to name him successor, but many historians believe that al Sanchol actually wrote the proclamation that Hisham II read.