Hearts Minds Quotes
Nixon staff assistant Chuck Coulson used a variant of this quotation. See {628753}.
The “Boxer Rebellion” was a very strong, populist, violent movement in China at the turn of the Century. The hostility was not directed against the Empress or the Government, but against the non-Chinese foreigners who were, theoretically and by treaty, under the protection of the Chinese Government. Cixi and the government had to decide to Crack Down on the Boxers, Support them, or remain passive. The movement was so strong and the government so weak, that is was not clear that the government could prevail in what would amount to a civil war. The Empress in effect vetoed the crackdown option on the grounds stated. With this quotation she made a fateful decision for China and the Foreigners and for her own legacy. She had been considered by Westerners one of the great rulers of the world of not of all time, and she was in many ways. But she made the wrong choice from the Western point of view; thousands of Westerners became casualties of the Boxer irrational xenophobic violence with the government doing little to stop it. Soon, she herself came to regret this policy decision--{641730}.
There was an interesting parallel to the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars. When American troops would explain their mission to locals, many were actually fearful of terms like democracy, freedom, education, development and modernity. Religious and cultural forces had made these concepts fearful and undesirable and while there were many who saw these as desirable, there were also many who perceived these as undesirable and even evil. The American military faced the same problem a century ago.
Karzai was totally corrupt and what was worse maintained his political power by allowing local Governors, mayors, warlords, police and judges to extort bribes for virtually all public services and in many cases extorting money from successful businessmen as well as even poor and middle class families. A large proportion of the money that America and its coalition allies were spending for economic development in Afghanistan was being siphoned out of the country by corrupt officials of the government. Karzai then was the beneficiary of the support of all these corrupt officials in rigging his reelection in what became an embarrassing farce for the coalition. There were others in the administration who believed that there might be enough persuasion to produce change in Karzai, and America and the Coalition had no other better option. Eikenberry not only predicted that there would be no change in the corruption levels, but that the average Afghan people would never really support and fight for the government which proved everyday to anyone who would look that the officials of the country were corrupt and had the support and green light from the President.
The issue of force verses diplomacy has been in debate at almost all times. However, the issue of the conflict with Islam is much the same today—almost 1000 years later
Clark had commanded the American and NATO forces in the Serbian War where all the military and political objectives were accomplished with heavy losses to the Serbian’s and none to the allied side—what many think was the most successful war in American History. Like Eisenhower in WWII one great challenge for Clark was the political and strategic one of keeping the coalition of all the allied governments working together. His perspective had been like Eisenhower’s and other officer’s perspectives in history, which was much wider and geopolitical than the views of most military officers.
See {620340} for a similar quote. However, there are many who disagree {620377} and who point to the Vietnam War as just one counter example. The American military leaders after not having very much success with Peters’ approach, shifted to one which placed high priority on hearts and minds and had more success. Arguably, the kind of ruthlessness that would be required to defeat an insurgency with a strictly military approach would require too brutal and barbarous treatment of civilians who may aid insurgents, that Modern Democracies with their open media are incapable of. In the US invasion of Iraq or the Israeli occupation of the West Bank, the total number of civilians killed by the military was tiny, compared to the 20 million Russians killed by the Germans in their attempted invasion of Russia. The entire Gaza war produced only about 1000 civilian deaths out of 1 million people was one tenth of one percent compared with the American civilian casualties at the hands of the British in 1776 was over 100 times greater.
