DOLLEY MADISON
(Dolley Todd Madison)
The United States was a new, militarily weak country. Many of its leaders believed that even if our interests were attacked or some citizens abused, it was not worth the United States going to war unless the attack were existential—threatened the very existence of the country. The split was clear during the War of 1812 where in general, New England was opposed to war with Britain, the Atlantic states were not firm on either side, and the South and West (Kentucky was then the West) were the war hawks. Mrs. Madison was a hawk—an unusual expression for a woman and her role as First Lady did not inhibit her from her own independent political opinions. On the War of 1812, Mr. Madison was in favor of war, but was not so unequovical and positive as his wife was.
Dolley Todd Madison was the wife of James Madison, President of the United States from 1809 to 1817. She was noted for holding Washington social functions in which she invited members of both political parties, essentially spearheading the concept of bipartisan cooperation, albeit before that term was in use, in the United States. While, previously, founders such as Thomas Jefferson would only meet with members of one party at a time, and politics could often be a violent affair resulting in physical altercations and even duels, Madison helped to create the idea that members of each party could amicably socialize, network, and negotiate with each other without resulting in violence. By innovating political institutions as the wife of James Madison, Dolley Madison did much to define the role of the President's spouse, known only much later by the title First Lady—a function she had sometimes performed earlier for the widowed Thomas Jefferson.
