Inventions, Inventing, Inventors Quotes
This quotation became the mantra of the MIT Media Lab's Professor Hugh Herr and others whose total efforts are spend inventing things for the future.
While this has generally been true, there have been many major exceptions like Einstein’s Theory of Relativity which was accepted rapidly be leading scientists even before the empirical truth had been demonstrated. The generalization has become less true in the 21st century where new scientific knowledge was almost an every day occurrence.
The patent laws were introduced in England in 1624. Lincoln is the only American President who applied for and was granted a patent. He invented a device for getting a grounded boat on a sandbar back into the water.
Borden invented some of the basic methods of preserving food and assuring uncontaminated food—especially with dairy products.
When Secretary of State, Jefferson ran the first American Patent Office. The Patent system was originally and educational program, not an intellectual property program. Inventors would keep all their technological secrets to themselves. The idea behind the original patent system was to give an inventor a limited monopoly on profiting from his invention in exchange for sharing his information and techniques with his countrymen—thus improving the technological competency of the entire society. The very first patents were available for public inspection for that reason. And even today, copies of patents are available easily for almost no cost. And few American ideas worked as well as our early patent system. Through its educational role and technology transfer, America came from technological nowhere to being the pre-eminent inventing nation of the world. The balance between public access to invention and innovation and preservation of some rights to the creator of intellectual property is key to modern development.
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835-1910. The nature of telephone technology made it easy for companies to obtain monopolies for different areas of the country. When there is a monopoly, there is a huge tendency for the controlling company to charge very high prices and have poor customer service as the usual competition required for quality performance under capitalism is nonexistant. So in 1890, there was the same resentment of the telephone companies, that existed over a century later when there was still a monopoly. Regulation helped somewhat, but the capabilities of the monopolist began to include lobbying and campaign contributions so that typically, in the 21st century, the local telephone companies had much control over the State Commissions that were supposed to regulate them. Long distance service, whose monopoly was broken up by the Federal Courts became a wonderful service for customers and the prices were a tiny fraction of what they had been under their old monopoly.
With the invention of the printing press
See {636375} for another similar view applying to the individual.
By the 21st century, there were few who would agree with Roosevelt on this point. The contributions of inventors and scientists and then business men and financiers.
Response to question of how great innovations develop.
