James Madison Quotes
The present Congress have as complete authority to require of the States indefinite supplies of money for the common defense and general welfare, as the future Congress will have to require them of individual citizens; and the latter will be no more bound than the States themselves have been, to pay the quotas respectively taxed on them.
Arguing for ratification of the proposed Constitution, Madison explained to those who thought the Federal Government would have new, powerful taxing authority. Madison explains that the existing Continental Congress could require the same degree of taxation even if the Constitution were not ratified. Another important aspect of this quotation is that the argument was clear that Federal taxation was to be used not only for the “common defense” but equally for the “general welfare.” There are those who believe that the only legitimate Federal taxes authorized by the Constitution are for defense and the military. However, the “general welfare” benefit was very clear, and that is how it has been.
James Madison, 1751-1836, 4th President of the United States (Democratic Republican, VA), The Federalist, No. 45
Sourced by: Eigen's Political and Historical Quotations
Even after the American Revolution, the Government of the Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation was a mess which would only be resolved by the Constitutional Convention the next year and the ratification of the Constitution.
In 1949 the NATO treaty was signed. There was concern that a phrase in the treaty authorizing signatories to take "such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force" would undermine Congress's powers:
On June 12, 1789 a Senate committee proposed a federal court system for the nation. Maclay described it as:
Opposing the ratification of the United States Constitution: Left before it ended.
A common modern political issue is the relative efficiency of State verses the Federal government in the spending of tax resources, but in the area of defense, it is today assumed that this is a Federal role. However, in 1814, in the midst of a war, there were those who argued for State operation of the nation's defense. See Artemas Ward for a similar view.
This was the case where the Supreme Court reversed its earlier opinion and declared the Income Tax Unconstitutional.
Vidal, a staunch liberal held this view along with many ultra conservatives end extreme liberals. The constitution requires the Congress to declare war, but they have not done so for any of the wars since WWII. The President assumed the war power. And the only coherent budgets began.
See {634234} and {634238} for more of his arguments at the Ratification Convention.
James Madison Jr. was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the United States Bill of Rights. He co-wrote The Federalist Papers, co-founded the Democratic-Republican Party, and served as the fifth United States Secretary of State from 1801 to 1809.
