Hans Kung Quotes
And a third thing is the understanding of the Church as a community, a communion which is just a hierarchy but the people of God, whose servants are the priests and bishops.
Justinian, like many civil political leaders before and after him, took great pains to minimize the civil authority of the church. Separation of church and state is not a modern notion, though it was harder to accomplish in antiquity. Rulers would want to coopt the religion to help legitimize their rule, but tried to keep the church as weak as they could unless another religion was challenging for supremecy.
At the time there was no pope. Before an election for one was held, all the electors made the collective oath and promise to maintain the idea of a council of clerics if he were elected Pope. After the Pope was elected, the bishops solidified their power even claiming ascendancy and authority, when assembled, over the Pope. See the Council of Constance {610980} 6 years later.
The monetary corruption of the Church and many of its priests did not go unchallenged by Catholics of the day.
Hans Küng was a Swiss Catholic priest, theologian, and author. From 1995 he was president of the Foundation for a Global Ethic (Stiftung Weltethos).