Shared Authority Quotes



This Cahier was the consensus of the Clergy of Blois in 1789. There were cahiers of several provinces of France—some by the clergy, some by the nobles. What is fascinating is the emergence of many of the pre-revolutionary French concepts. The example of the American revolution and its principles was known throughout the educated classes of France.


Spinoza was one of the most feared intellectuals in human history—feared that is by the established power structures. He is the only known person who was excommunicated by the Catholics, the Jews and the Muslims. He was the enemy of authority and advocated personal reason as the guide for men.


Debs said he would seize them. The two views represent the classic left wing debate over whether nationalized property should just be seized or should far compensation be given. In countries like Cuba of the 1970s, factor owners who stayed and ran their factories under national control received compensation after time but those who left never did which is a type of middle ground.