Rural Poverty Quotes
This work of Chekov’s was censored heavily by the Russian Communists of the 1920s and 1930s who publicly glorified the Russian peasant. Chekov’s observation, like many of poverty-stricken populations observed the status quo and did not comment on how the state of affairs came to be in the first place.
Fixed tenure meant leases for a significant period of time. For various reasons, Irish landowners were reluctant to invest in improving property in any way. It the tenant invested his own sweat or resources to improve the property, the landlord would evict him and rent to someone else for more money for the “improved” property. So no one would ever improve property until there were laws requiring tenants to have rights of transfer, inheritance and reasonable fixed lease terms.
He raised the ethical issue in his classic study of poor whites. He was one of the first to call attention to this and other factors such as objectivity given the background and culture of the journalist or writer.
In England when a landowner died, the eldest son inherited all the land. In Ireland at that time, the land was equally divided among all the sons. This subdivision over several generations produced smaller and smaller land holdings at the same time when new agricultural technology was making the smaller farm an uneconomical entity. Although the Irish system was fairer, it destroyed Irish agricultural productivity.