Henry A. Kissinger Quotes

Abrams has a cynical view of government and his string ideology and abrasive style tended to create a lot of enemies for him. Many disagree with him, and especially many presidents. A president who has a member of his cabinet who is an “enemy” and retained him in office would be a very weak and foolish President.

Mrs. Carter attended cabinet meetings sitting in the rear and taking copious notes. This at the time was very controversial in that no First Lady before had ever attended a cabinet meeting—not even Eleanor Roosevelt.

Some people get upset when they learn that members of the President’s cabinet disagreed with the president on a major policy. Yet this is very common and very desirable as long as when the President reaches his/her decision, the dissenters all close ranks and implement it. Some Presidents are not secure enough or confident enough to be comfortable with dissent. The greatest of our Presidents were known for their selection of strong advisors who have different perspectives. President Lincoln had all his rivals for the Presidency in his cabinet. Franklin Roosevelt appointed a number of Republicans to his cabinet and a left wing socialist also. Theodore Roosevelt’s Secretary of State, Elihu Root, was famous for telling the President where Root thought he was wrong. George Washington had Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton in his cabinet and they fought like cats and dogs. Jefferson ran against Washington’s Federalist party and destroyed that party at the polls. However, the nation was better for these brilliant, experienced cabinet members helping a strong President to make consider all possibilities and make better decisions.

Bush assumes that this meant that all the people agreed with his decision to invade Iraq. While that might have been the case, there are other possibilities that many historians, journalists and other analysts have suggested. The Vice President, and his personal staff, were known to have visited them all and lobbied for the invasion. They pressured several of them who may have not wanted to run afoul of what seemed to be the most powerful vice president in American History. Or they may have thought that the decision had already been made, and it was time to join together and loyally support the policy decision that had been made. There were few strong independent thinkers in the top tier as Bush was not intellectually or emotionally inclined to have open staff arguments to work out a policy or very strong advisors with different points of view. The strongest of the advisors like Secretary of State Colin Powell had been lied to and persuaded there was “clear evidence” that Iraq was about to deploy a nuclear weapon. This made Powell an advocate. The intelligence given to Powell and the others was wrong and much was fabricated or obtained from an unreliable source who had been pushed as trustworthy by the Vice President. The CIA Director, had told those all that the evidence and case for the fact that Iraq was developing and close to deploying a nuclear weapon was a “slam dunk”.

Alsop, a political hawk was convinced, as many other right wingers were at the time that the Russians had forged ahead of us in offensive missiles. When he asked President Eisenhower, the President never denied it, but never went to Congress to ask for more money to close the “missile gap”. Alsop made this shocking accusation which offended many Americans, but pleased the ultra-hawks and anti-communists. Most of the nation however then believed that there was a missile gap, with varying explanations of Eisenhower’s silence on the matter. Two years later John F. Kennedy, used the “missile gap” when running in 1960 against Nixon by attacking Nixon and Eisenhower for allowing us to fall behind the Russians at have a missile gap. When Kennedy became President, he was very surprised that there was no missile gap favoring the Russians—it was favoring the United States. Eisenhower did not want the Russians to know that he knew exactly what they were producing and deploying in missiles through great espionage sources. By not saying anything in the face of the accusations, the Russians assumed that the Americans really thought that they had more capacity than they did. And Eisenhower wanted that so that they would be secure that the United States had no real knowledge of their missile capacity. If Eisenhower had actually told the nation that the Russians were really behind us, the Russians would suspect a security leak and our sources could be compromised.

A decision George F. Kennan had advocted had backfired and the administration was being castigated in the press. Kennan apologized to the Secretary of State. The only soldier ever so honored