Abu Marwán Hayyán Ibn Jalaf Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi Quotes
This cursed man was a superior man, although God did not inform him of the right religion.
From a religious point of view a Christian or Jew was cursed, but ibn Naghrela had the respect of most (See {623787} ) and was the most influential citizen of a Golden Era of Muslim Spain. In 1056 he was assassinated by jealous Muslims.
Ibn Hayyan, Abu Marwán Hayyán Ibn Jalaf Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi, Andalusian Spanish Moslem Arabic Historian, Referring to Samuel ibn Naghrela, 993-1056, the great Andalusian Spanish scholar, physician, politician and military leader the great polymath of his era who in Moslem Spain happened to be Jewish but served as Prime Minister and Commanding General anyway
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At the time, most Muslims and Jews of Andalusia lived together very amicably. Ibn Hazm was a brilliant scholar of philosophy, law, theology, and science and the leading Islamic intellectual of Andalusia. However, he had one major rival, a Jew named Samuel ibn Naghrela who was just as brilliant a scholar, but also one of the best military leaders, and physicians of the kingdom. (See {623786} & {623774}) Ibn Hazm was very jealous and tried to turn the Muslim Berber King Habbus al-Muzaffar against ibn Naghrela and other Jews. The king however made Samuel ibn Naghrela his hajib (prime minister / vizier) of Grenada in 1037. He was also made military commander and excelled at both areas while continuing his scholarly activity. Samuel ibn Naghrela held his political and military positions for 17 years and both these intellectuals wrote brilliant books in several field which added to the reputation of this era as the Golden Age of Islamic Spain.
See {623774} for a poem he wrote in Arabic about the battle itself. He had written books in Arabic about Hebrew grammar and language and was the first person to use the Arabic poetic style with its meter and rhyming and used it for writing Hebrew poetry. This poem was so written.
He was referring to Joseph ibn Naghrela, the son of Samuel ibn Naghrela ({623786} & {623774}) The father had been the vizier the King and the son was appointed Secretary to the Muslim King. He was one of the Muslims who were jealous that Jews should have influential positions in a Muslim society.
Toleration is a relative term. The Muslim Moors made Christians (and Jews) pay a special tax. At times they were forced to wear special clothing so that they could be readily identified. And they could not build churches larger or taller than the smallest mosque in the community. At times, their occupations were restricted but at other times Christians and Jews were appointed to the highest positions like Vizier. The Inquisition, in contrast, forced all Muslims (and Jews) to leave the country without any of their property or money or be tortured and killed—usually by burning at the stake unless of course that they converted to Christianity.
Most people are familiar with the people are familiar with the terrible persecution of the Jews in Spain by the Christians. Although there were a few examples of tolerance to Jews by Muslims when they controlled Spain and instances like modern Turkey. Generally however there is and has been Islamic persecution of Jews, Christians, and other non Muslims in almost all nations where Muslims have been in control. Until the Enlightenment, Christian persecution of other religions was just as bad if not worse.
In Christian Europe anti-Semitism was rampant until the end of WWII. Innocent Jews were tortured and massacred. Many Islamic lands were much more tolerant and humane; many Jews not only flocked to them but thrived. Great Jewish Rabbis and philosophers did much creative work in Islamic lands—especially Andalusia which was then a Muslim nation. So many Muslims who deplored the Holocaust were puzzled when the United Nations placed the Jewish Homeland in the Middle East. Why not have Israel in Germany? However the Jews had a kingdom encompassing Palestine, Lebanon, Syria and much else of the Middle East centuries before Arabs ever came to the area and Islam existed. The Jews had conquered; then others did, and then the Ottoman Turks. Everyone with a claim on Palestine has taken it from some other people and then has had it taken from them by others. But there is a type of argument that the historically worst anti-Semites should provide the land for Israel.
His quotations are very important because he wrote many of the Islamic legal opinions that governed Muslim Spain and influenced the Arabs of North Africa. This is yet another example of the classic antipathy that many Muslims have for People of the Book—Christians and Jews.
Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur. And al-Rahman had assembled a very powerful army of blond, blue-eyed Slavic slaves supplemented with black African warriors. The Caliph, was always concerned when one of his subjects had an effective fighting force as he might be a rival. But if the troops were Muslims the danger was not so great as there was a built in loyalty to the Caliph. However, in this case, the fierce fighters were not Muslims. Hence the sea was a desirable barrier.
To make matters worse for the Muslims, the tiny foreign entity in their midst—populated by "heathens who do not follow the command of God"—have created a much higher standard of living for their people, improved the land and its productivity in ways that have been far superior to traditional Islamic methods, reclaimed much of the desert that the Muslims could not, and produced a military that has staved off the hostilities of all of Islam, and has done all this without any oil or other natural resources to sell. Israel is a living counter-example to the superiority of Islam and its traditions which is so important to Muslims.
The Nazis and most of the Arabs were allies in WWII. The Jews of Palestine—although they were opposed to many of the British policies regarding Palestine—were active in the Allied cause contributing units to the British Army. Although the Germans were brutal to civilians, murdering millions, they refrained from public pronouncements or exhortations to kill civilians in most cases. The Arabs did not. The Mufti was actually given the rank of General in the Nazi SS and had his own SS unit. In this despicable exhortation he actually uses a concept and wording from the Koran. See {584355}. This quotation is important in that it refutes a common claim by some Palestinians that it was only the Germans who were responsible for the Holocaust and the post war Jewish Refugee problem and that the Palestinians had to bear the price rather than place Israel in Europe. This quotation and the other by the Grand Mufti prove that Palestinians were not only complicit in persecution of Jews but took a leadership and advocacy role.
See {586039} for a quotation that goes further and seeks to punish and humiliate the non believers. This sura is often used by those wishing to illustrate the intolerance of Islam—especially of other religions. They fail to put this into the context of the Old Testament which proscribed death for heretics or the history of Christianity regarding the murder of nonbelievers. The difference is however, that a very small proportion of Jews or Christians today believe in following Biblical instructions in this respect while the proportion of Muslims who believe in the literal interpretation of scripture on these points is much larger. However there are Islamic modernists and moderates throughout the world who reject this notion of warring on all other religions and there is a struggle going on within Islam itself.
This quotation is typical of the anti-Semitic view of the World that is held by many Islamic fundamentalists. Saudi Arabia promulgates this type of venom throughout the Muslim World. This, along with diatribes like it, are recorded in video and audio tape, and with the permission of the Saudi Arabian government if not with government funds.
This is a common perception of many Islamic authorities—that the ancient Jews and early Christians would have clearly become Muslims had they but been exposed to the teaching of the Prophet. As egocentric as this sounds, Martin Luther believed that all reasonable Jews would become Christians.
The teaching of hatred towards other people—especially people of a different religion has a long and tragic history. The Palestinians and other Muslims did not invent or even perfect the technique which was ongoing before Islam began and reached a low point in WWII Nazi Germany. But in the modern world, most other religions and people have put a stop to the overt teaching of hatred. The Muslims alone invest large resources towards teaching hate of Americans, The West, Jews, Israel
The cartoon—see image—depicts a virulently anti-Semitic Jewish Satan trodding on the skulls and bones of Jewish victims. This newspaper and most of those of the Arab Muslim world constantly run such anti-Semitic material and then complain about the insensitivity of a single Danish newspaper that ran cartoons that were insulting to Muslims.
The cartoon—see image—depicts a virulently anti-Semitic Jewish vampire embracing and dripping blood on the United Nations. This newspaper and most of those of the Arab Muslim world constantly run such anti-Semitic material and then complain about the insensitivity of a single Danish newspaper that ran cartoons that were insulting to Muslims.
In September of 2005 a Danish Newspaper published some political cartoons showing the hypocrisy of some Muslims who use Islam to justify murder of innocents and terrorism. Months later, in January of 2006 many in the Middle East protested vehemently and Muslim riots broke out because the Prophet Muhammad's visage was depicted against Islamic tradition. Many Muslim nations started a boycott against Denmark. Many Muslim leaders claimed that insulting religion was an “abuse” of freedom of speech including those from nations which regularly publish material that is virulent against Christians and Jews.
Ethnic cleansing was a basic component of early Islam. The contemporary seeming hysteria over American troops in Arab nations, has in addition to the usual problems of soldiers from another land this background. The same is true about the presence of Israel. From some points of view, the presence of Christians and Jew in the Middle East is wrong per se because it undermines the work and intention of the Prophet.
The “People of the Book” are the Jews and the Christians who believe in the Old Testament book of God which Muslims recognize. Others who would not accept Islam would be killed, but if Jews and Christians are submissive and fell so, they may pay a special additional tax, the Jizyah.
In 1856 Turkey and its Ottoman Empire was struggling with new ideas and attempts to reform before they were hopelessly engulfed by modernism. A set of reform laws were passed in February of 1856 which horrified the conservatives and traditionalists. But interestingly the orthodoxy of the Greek minority were unhappy with their legal elevation if it meant that all would be equal. The Minister’s description of opposition to the reforms was somewhat self-serving in that he opposed most of the reforms and wanted to maintain the traditional Islamic state.
The same article denies the fact that the Holocaust ever existed. Al-Akhbar was not just an ordinary newspaper. It is the Egyptian Government’s Official Daily Newspaper—the same Government that was the recipient of the second largest amount of United States foreign aid.
