Parshotam Mehra Quotes
Heading a ferocious army, he blazed through Asia in the closing decades of the 14th century, razing cities to the ground, mercilessly torturing their inhabitants and ruthlessly decapitating his enemies…. Temur was no infidel, for Islam governed his military career. And the crescent always surmounted his royal standard. More, all his conquests were prosecuted under its banner. That Islam and wholesale slaughter were incompatible bedfellows was beside the point. So were Christian faith and the Crusaders!
Parshotam Mehra, Indian Historian, Description of the Tater Islamic Conqueror Tamerlane, “Gripping tale of magnificent warrior,” Indian Tribune, January 30, 2005
Sourced by: Eigen's Political and Historical Quotations
The Sultan, led 17 different military expeditions to India to spread the Muslim faith He is one of the few major conquerors of the world who was never defeated in Battle. He conquered the Lahore area and others of India that became Muslim and eventually became Pakistan. He was the first Islamic leader to bear the Title of Sultan demonstrating the separation of the civil power from the Caliph.
This was the an early history of the brutal 1298 Muslim Invasion of Gujarat a large state of India that was then Hindu. The Islamic Armies spread out from the Middle East and converted a large proportion of the worlds people to Islam. Force or “conversion by the sword” was one of the tools, but millions of people welcomed Islam and saw it as a great modernizing force for the dignity and equality of people—especially in Hindu India where the caste system made all inferior to the Brahmins and the lowest cast literally “untouchables.”
Christians of 1 thousand years ago were barbarous and immoral compared to Christians of today, even though their Bible is the same. He argued that Islam may well also reform. In looking at Islam compared with Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism, it is useful to remember that these are much older religions than Islam. They have had more time to reform and develop. Compare Christians 700 years ago to Christians today. They were pretty barbaric in comparison. They burned heretics at the stake and "witches" also. But Islam is 700 years younger than Christianity and thousands of years younger than the other 3 religions mentioned. It may well need more time to develop and reform.
The Christian Crusaders had captured Jerusalem and slaughtered the Muslim civilian inhabitants. In the 21st century, some Islamic terrorists justified the beheading of captured Christian prisoners as revenge for this massive Christian beheading of Muslims almost 1,000 years earlier.
Jinnah and other Muslim leaders had stirred up the Muslims to violence to put pressure on all the parties to accede to Jinnah's Muslim League's demand of an independent Muslim nation—Pakistan. Messervy was very sympathetic to the Muslim leadership as he had been feuding with and frustrated by the predominantly Hindu ruling Congress Party. After partition he accepted the mercenary position of Commander in Chief of the Pakistani Army. Then he was shocked and horrified at the slaughter of the terrorist attacks by the Muslims—about 4,000 Sikh men, women and children had been beaten and cut to death. The Sikhs had been targeted largely because Sikh leaders had recently announced that if there were a Partition, Sikhs would refuse to live in nation under Muslim control.
14 Arab Armies in a coordinated attack on the 1 day old Israeli state, intended to massacre all the Israelis as demonstrated by this quote. Note that this kind of extermnination intent was advertised with pride. To everyone's surprised, the Jewish defenders not only beat back the viscious attacks but enlssarged their terroitory by capturing strategic sites from which the attacks had been launched. Many people credit to the Israely victory to the fact that they were litterally fighting for their lives. Defeat would have meant death for them and their families. The Arab armies, in contrast, were fighting for land that other Arabs claimed that should have been theirs. The willingness to stand and fight for this goal did not match the self preservation that motivated the Israelis--especially in the aftermath of the Holocaust killing 6 million Jews in WWII.
There are some who argue that the quotation was made earlier and was not meant as an incendary call for massacre of Israelis. It well may be that in his original thinking, he was predicting what would happen if the State of Israel was created, basing his thoughts on historical artrocieties of the past. And many think he was concerned about that possible outcome and was trying to avoid it. The import of the quotation was not necessaruly to hisltorically blame Assam for the point of view but to simply establish that there were many Arab voices calling for victories of history where there were massacres in the Middle East. And there were those who took Azzam's quotation and broadcasted it on Arab radio, calling for the very massacre that Assam may have been warning about. Note that this notion of Jewish massacre and extermination was also picked up 60 years later and called for by the President of Iran.
Lincoln was opposing the Mexican War.
There are varying accounts of the motivation of the massacre. What is known is that there were negotiations between Richard and Saladin for the ransom of prisoners as was customary. Negotiations however broke down, and in front of the Saracen Army the Franks murdered their 2,700 prisoners.
Right wing conservatives were not always in favor of large defense expenditures. Prior to WWII most were opposed to defense spending and they were the pacifists. Clark was one of the few that maintained this view after WWII.
The source was in the form of an autobiography but was written later by someone unknown. Prior to WWII and the German killing of over 25 million people, Tamerlane was responsible for more killings than any other ruler in the world. 17 million is generally given as the number if one analyses the Persian, Indian and other literature. He controlled the Middle East, the Ottoman States, a part of Russia and Eastern Europe, Persia and much of China and India. Although he himself was a Muslim he warred against other Muslim states and warlords defeating them all. Muslim nations are historically very ambivalent about Tamerlane. Pride as a conqueror is eclipsed by this excessive rapine and murder. In one case, the Persian city of Isfahan, he actually built a giant pyramid of 70,000 decapitated heads of prisoners. Also, the fact that he attacked and defeated major Muslim empires violates a current Muslim notion that there is a unity of Islam. He attacked, conquered and butchered the Ottomans, Syria, Iraq, Persia and the Muslim (Mugal) states of India.
The juxtaposition of scenes of murder and brutality together with God and holy purposes seems foreign to us today. It is extant among some Islamic groups who exult in similar scenes while calling to God. This “barbarity” is historically not just Islamic but was typical of Christians as well. Beheading was common in the Crusades, and it is still popular among some of the Islamic extremists who look to the “old days” as a model for them today.
The Turks could not take the city then, but they did 56 years later in 1453.
