Isabel de Olvera Quotes
As I am going on the expedition to New Mexico and have reason to fear that I may be annoyed by some individual since I am a mulatto, and as it is proper to protect my rights in such an eventuality by an affidavit showing that I am a free women, unmarried, and the legitimate daughter of Hernando, a negro and an Indian named Magdalena, I therefore request your grace to accept this affidavit, which shows that I am free and not bound by marriage or slavery. I request that a properly certified and signed copy be given to me in order to protect my rights, and that it carry full legal authority. I demand justice.
Realizing that as a mulatto she was subject to claims of slavery in New Mexico, she tool the precaution of getting this affidavit to protect her freedom. An interesting side note is that she states that she is “not bound by marriage or slavery.” For a woman the state of marriage meant the loss of most of her civil rights and was even then put in a similar category to slavery.
Isabel de Olvera, ?, Mexican Servant Woman (The first black woman to enter what was to become the United States), Affidavit filed in Mexico, 1600
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There was a huge amount of racial interbreeding during the early slavery times of America. Some was consensual as people will be people, but much was the rape of Black slaves my white masters—a concept that was never considered rape by law as one cannot commit a crime against one’s own property. The result after time was every possible combination of white/black mixture. There were names for many of the combinations: Quadroons were one fourth Negro. Octaroons, one-eighth. During and after reconstruction, for purposes of discriminatory law, who was a Negro? The Louisiana “one drop rule” said that if there was ANY trace of Negro ancestry, that person was a Negro and would be discriminated against. Of course, what would happen was that many mixed race children were light skinned and looked white and many were black and all shades in between. It was relatively easy for the lighter skinned “one drop” Negroes to pass as white especially if the left the state. But if anyone accused them of being Negro, they would have been guilty of committing crimes. Some in modern times have little comprehension of how the white plantation slave owners and other whitrd could condemn their own children to a second class life of vicious discrimination, but that is exactly what they did. The great irony here lies with the modern KKK, Nazi, and other White Supremacy Groups. They still hold to the “one drip rule for their viciousness. However, under the one drop rule, almost all of them would be Negroes if they went back far enough, and ALL ARE BLACK under the one drop rule as with modern DNA and genetic analysis, we now know that every human alive today emanated from a Black woman in Africa.
Ever since the Civil War, there has been an imbalance between the areas of the country with large unemployed populations and those areas where jobs were available. Even in 1870, the authorities were trying to get the unemployed to relocate but this was a hard thing to do at the time—physically, economically, and psychologically. It was not until the 2nd World War when huge numbers of Blacks migrated from areas of poor economic prospects in the South to areas of opportunity in the North. Also, note the classic welfare dilemma expressed whereby if humanitarian assistance is provided, people will not be desperate enough to move to areas with better opportunities.
Andrew Macdonald
African Americans have developed their own unique culture, customs and even language which has been shaped In large part by slavery and living under Jim Crow. Foreign Blacks find that culture very foreign, having never experienced it. They were shaped by colonialism and and are familiar with white, Western, Christian culture. In addition a large proportion of African and Caribbean immigrant have been highly educated, professional trained, and or middle class. Also, the media stereotyping of American Blacks not only biases whites, but aslo biases foreigners of all ethnicities. So Black immigratnts frequently perceive American Blacks to be lower class, prone to crime and violence, uneducated and different from the and certainly from their aspirations." African Americans have developed their own unique culture, customs and even language which has been shaped in large part by slavery and living under Jim Crow. Foreign Blacks find that culture very foreign, having never experienced it. They were shaped by colonialism and and are familiar with white, Western, Christian culture. In addition a large proportion of African and Caribbean immigrant have been highly educated, professional trained, and or middle class. Also, the media stereotyping of American Blacks not only biases whites, but aslo biases foreigners of all ethnicities. So Black immigratnts frequently perceive American Blacks to be lower class, prone to crime and violence, uneducated and different from them and certainly from their aspirations.
The first sentence is inscribed on the Jefferson Memorial in Washington DC. The last two sentences are rarely quoted.
Newsletter of the United Sons of Confederate Veterans
Captain W.W. Polk, commanding the Coast Guard revenue cutter Florida, wrote Treasury Secretary asking permission to employ a young Negro on board. Existing regulations prohibited such. The Negro in question was a free Black born in New York who was an “expert sailor for his age and competent to the duty of a boy of the first class.” Polk had hired the boy as a servant after he had worked at sea for another Captain. Good seamen were hard to come by, decision was extremely contentious. Ingham “compromised” by limiting the allowable role of Negroes at sea—a practice that lasted till the Second World War.
Moss and two other blacks had had the temerity to open a grocery store. White competitors attempted to have the city authorities close the store. When that failed, a mob took the three Black owners to the city limits and shot them all to death. Moss was a close friend of Ida B. Wells, and his lynching started her on her no famous anti-lynching expose and campaign. See {44393} for her initial response.
Having endured centuries of near slavery and discrimination, 70,000 Irish people signed this petition urging American-Irish immigrants to understand the similar plight of African-Americans and to join together with abolitionists. Irish immigrants were nevertheless reluctant to join the abolition movement because the movement was often tied to anti-Catholicism and many feared that the emancipation of Blacks would increase competition for the low-paying jobs immigrants held.
He was lecturing to an audience of 1500 Blacks. Darrow was castigated for telling Negroes that they did not have an inherently inferior capacity from whites, This was feared would make them too demanding and insist on unrealistic equality.
The editor at the time was Dr. William H. Boyle but no one is sure whether he, the owner, or someone else, wrote the editorial. The quotation illustrated a fascinating twist of logic that was very commonly held at the time. “If God created men of different colors, he must have meant them to be separate.” It is fascinating that virtually no one at the time made a similar argument about hair or eye color, intellect or other differential traits of people. Although this logical fallacy waned in the latter part of the 20th century, there are some who still hold to it.
Isabel de Olvera was a free woman of mixed racial heritage in the 16th and 17th centuries. She lived in Querétaro, Mexico, and travelled on the Juan Guerra de Resa expedition to Santa Fe, sent to strengthen the Spanish claim to the colonised province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. Olvera, the servant of a Spanish woman, filed a remarkable sworn deposition with the alcalde mayor of Querétaro before leaving on the expedition.
