HAROLD L. ICKES
(Harold LeClair Ickes)
The great contralto singer, Marian Anderson, an African American, had been refused by the Daughters of the American Revolution the use of Constitution Hall as a venue for her concert based on their White Performers Only policy. First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt, resigned in protest from the DAR and she and the President asked Secretary Ickes to arrange a public concert at the Lincoln Memorial and he did. There was no Civil Rights Act at the time.
The Daughters of the American Revolution had refused to allow the world-reknown Black singer to appear in Constitution Hall. First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt resigned her DAR membership, and an outdoor concert was organized at the Lincoln Memorial. 75,000 attended.
When the dam was under construction, it was referred to as the “Boulder Canyon Project”. However, the Great Depression was raging and President Hoover had to run for a second term the following year with a terrible economy. Hoover’s Secretary of the Interior, named it “Hoover Dam” and on February 14, 1931, Congress made the name "Hoover Dam" official. Hoover lost to FDR, and the Interior Secretary—a Republican—sent this memo calling the dam, “Boulder Dam” for the first time. At the time Hoover was one of the least popular names in the United States. The Stock Market crash and the Depression occurred on "Hoover's watch." Hoover was blamed not only for the economic crisis, but with being hard-hearted by not using the power of the Government to help the suffering families. Ickes thought it was essential that the public overcome their fear and hopelessness. Hoover was just the image that most people wanted to forget, and this in large part motivated the name change.
Harold LeClair Ickes was an American administrator and politician. He served as United States Secretary of the Interior for 13 years, from 1933 to 1946, the longest tenure of anyone to hold the office, and the second longest-serving Cabinet member in U.S. history after James Wilson. Ickes and Labor Secretary Frances Perkins were the only original members of the Roosevelt cabinet who remained in office for his entire presidency.