Ratification Process Quotes
In response to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff Act of 1832, President Jackson proclaimed:
The switch was critical in that Tennessee ratified the 19th Amendment by a majority of a single vote. Had Burn not followed his mother’s advice, women would not then have gained the right to vote.
There are some conservatives who accused Brennan of altering the Constitution from the bench by his opinions. However, there is an unending debate as to how the constitutional interpreters should deal with concepts and reality that did not exist at the time of the Constitutional Convention and were unconcieved of. Some justices like Brennan believe that the principles of the Constitution should be extended and extrapolated to modernity. Others believe that in the absen?ce of specific language even Supreme Court just should not try and extrapolate. Both are reputable views and as time and technology march ahead, the issue is joined more frequently. For example, the Founding Fathers did not conceive of atomic weapons. But they insisted that Americans have the right to bear arms. An atomic bomb is a type of arm—a weapon of war and defense. Does an individual American have the right to have his own atomic bomb?
From this quotation, {624648} and {615902} it is clear that the framers of the Constitution intended the treaty making powers to be shared by the President and the Senate. In practice, in modern times treaties are usually initially negotiated by diplomats under the supervision of the President and the Senate gets to concur or not in the ratification process. However, there have been a number of treaty failures including the League of Nations where the lack of coordination has resulted in a situation where the Senate had to accept or reject something which the President had negotiated and the Senate rejected the treaty.
The political battles over the ratification of the Constitution were vicious and brutal even by modern standards.
The first clause, the preamble, indicates the pressure that emanated from the State ratification conventions. Of the 12 amendments proposed, only 10 were ratified—The Bill of Rights. See {612693} for the two that did not get ratified.
When the Constitution was presented for ratification there were many who demanded changes before ratification to insure the rights of individuals and States. Others, agreeing that amendments were necessary, argued for passage after ratification. As soon as the Constitution was ratified, the first 10 Amendments—The Bill of Rights—were also passed.
What is interesting, that few people realize, is that large number of men who had never voted before, and would not be able to vote afterwards (the were not property owners for example), were allowed to vote in the ratification debate. As a result, an entire new socio-economic class was empowered and became interested in politics for the first time in history. The result was greater and wider public interest than there had been or would be for many years to come. All voting requirements had been set by the states and were still so after the Constitution was adapted and still is the current situation, although there has been a constant battle in many states to keep Blacks and other minorities from voting between the desires of the states and Federal pressure after the Civil War Constitutional amendments.
Patrick Henry, a political opponent of Madison's, spread rumors in Madison's Virginia home district that Madison was perfectly satisfied with the Constitution as it was drafted. Madison felt the need to set the record straight, and this letter was widely circulated by his friends.
