Loyalty Oaths Quotes
The Fascist Dictator hinted at all the Church property that the State might seize and began to place taxes on the Church and in a brilliant political stroke actually negotiated the Lateran Pacts of 1929 with the Church whereby the Dictator would guarantee all the churches property and protect its officials end exempt the church from taxation and all the Church had to do was have all their Italian Bishops swear to this oath of political support for the dictatorial fascist state and its outrages and aggression and denial of rights. He actually have the church more religious power than they had enjoyed in Italy for years. For example he turned over the public school curriculum to the church with no other religion considered. Despite thus oath of the Italian bishops, there were a number of individual Catholic priests who aided the anti-Fascist resistance, but for the most part Mussolini bought the political and moral support of the Catholic Church. Apologists for the Church at the time point out that the entire Vatican and the Pope was totally within the dictator’s span of control, and he could jail any of the Holy see who criticized him or have them executed as he did so many others. He could also loot the Vatican and sell off holy relics and other object to finance his wars of aggression and his alliance with Hitler. They argue that there was nothing any priests could say that would break the iron hold Mussolini had on Italy and at least, the priests could perform their pastoral functions so long as they supported the Fascists. The debate continues to this day. However, after WWII Italians left the Catholic Church in droves and it is one of the least religious states in Europe.
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Referring to the 1989 National Endowment for the Arts censorship regulations requiring grantees to sign an agreement regarding the content of their work:
He lists a number of employees including his own wife. The foundation was the L. Ron Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation Inc. In this case a religious leader was asking the government for assistance in determining who was and was not fit to be a member and an associate of his organization. The FBI apparently ignored his accusations, and there was no government action though he continued to accuse associates throughout his life. The FBI agent who met with Hubbard to investigate his charges wrote “mental case” on the file.
loyalty oath to the King of England His “Ethiopian Regiment” was the first Black military regiment in North America. Soon after, Rhode Island organized a Black military unit—see {613949}.
The Emperor had made his brother King of Holland, thinking of it as an unimportant backwater of the French Empire. But Louis took his oath and job very seriously, and although he did not have the great talent of his brother, he made a serious effort to be a good king.
He was run out of Massachusetts and then founded Rhode Island where the first American concepts of separation of Church and State evolved.
Weltner was the only Georgia politician who urged state compliance with the Federal Civil Rights Law of 1964. (See {637605}.) The others advocated disobedience, crime, and obstruction, particularly the Democratic Party Candidate for Governor Lester Maddox who also advocated racial violence and had a history of it himself. Weltner refused to support Maddox, and the Democratic Party then instituted a loyalty oath for all party candidates where they promised to support and campaign for all party candidates on the ticket. Welter refused to sign the oath and support Maddox, and therefore gave up the Democratic nomination which at the time virtually guaranteed a win. (Soon after, the segregationist politicians of the South accepted the Republican invitation to switch parties and since then the remaining racists and anti-civil rights politicians run as Republicans.
Lee although born in England was one of the most ardent of the patriots fighiting the British. This oath was even considered extreme at the time. He was considered a super hawk by Washington and others. He became the Senior Major General and if anything had happened to Washington he would have command. He was an extremist who thought himself far more militarily qualified than Washington. See {59589} and {55885} for two of his slights against Washington.
The main purpose of the oath was to eliminate Roman Catholics who recognized the Pope as the Supreme Ecclesiastical authority. The subtlety evaporated by 1640 when the official oath actually named Rome as the target. See {617547}.
Often invoked by religious persons in courts as a justification for not swearing on a Bible and in opposition to loyalty or other oath requirements.
He was reacting to President Donald Trump's demands of Personal Loyalty of his appointees. Trump was a businessman who ran provate (not public) corporations where it was not unusual for the owner to demand personal loyalty of all his key employees. He had not historical knowledge of experience with public service in America where, unlike campaigns, all officials take an oath of loalty to the Constitution and the nation and not to the President. Trump had fired the then FBI Director who was investigationg his campaign for illegal contacts with the Russians, which Trump regarded as an act of disloyalty, especially when the Director refused to pledge his loyalty to Trump.
1837 Grim and his brother were faculty members at the prestigious University of Gottingen. The King of Hanover—a region of Germany—revoked the existing liberal constitution and demanded that all university professors swear allegiance to him. Most of the faculty had always opposed such loyalty oaths, but when faced with the choice between their beliefs and their jobs, most signed the oath. The Grimm brothers did not and were fired.
