Jurisdiction Quotes
Prior to that the accepted phrase was “Law of Nations,” but soon after Bentham first used “International Law” it caught on and became widespread in the English Language. See Columbia Law Review, Vol. 5, No. 2, February 1905
Jefferson, like most Presidents and ex-presidents, had his concerns about the judiciary and judicial checks, especially of the Executive Branch.
In the English system the checks and balances of the American system are not present. Historically in England the Monarch and the Parliament acted as checks upon each other. With a Constitutional Monarch there is no institutional check on Parliament. The checks are their restraint--respect for precedent--and the voters. The Prime Minister is a member of Parliament and has no powers other than what Parliament gives him/her. The courts in England are under Parliament and the upper house, the House of Lords is the equivalent of the highest court—but it may always be overruled by the parliament itself.
Bush, not one of our literati presidents or a strong orator, came out with numerous tautological statements that actually said nothing and gave his political enemies another opening for criticism.
While this was directed at foreigners in general, the reason it was promulgated was to eliminate the influence of the Pope and his agents and the Catholic Kings of Europe and their minions.
Note that not unlike Sharia, Islamic Law, this meant the death penalty for Witchcraft, Heresy, Adultery and Disobedient Children.
This was an amazing leap in the inducement of foreign trade. The Visigoths valued foreign trade so highly that they realized that many foreign merchants would not come to “barbarian lands” for fear of running afoul of local “barbarian” laws. To motivate trade, they actually gave up their legal sovereignty. Rome and the other larger markets did not have to make such concessions. This is the most formalized and sophisticated compendium of laws of the so-called “barbaric peoples” of Europe. The compilation was in many ways a documentation of the traditional laws of the Visigoths that had evolved over hundreds of years.
In the particular case, the issue was whether the businessmen of our French allies should suffer from a devaluation of American currency that was then contemplated. American merchants would pay for goods in devalued currency and pay back loans with the same. Americans, and most other trading nations, have been on both sides of this issue ever since as a function of the specifics of the issues and the times.
