Conscientious Objectors, Conscientious Objection Quotes
This is surprising to most people who believed the the Vietnam War draft resistance was the first in American History and an aberation. Actually, there have been active draft resistance in America as long as there has been military conscription.
Vallandigham was urging Union soldiers to refuse to fight and serve. Lincoln had to approve all the death sentences of deserters from the army and there were few duties that troubled him more … so much so that he even violated the 1st Amendment responsiblities he had sworn to uphold. Based in this precedent and others, President Woodrow Wilson jailed critics of the First World War including the labor leader Eugene Debs.
First woman elected to Congress. She was one of a handful of Congressman who opposed the WWI declaration. She was the only member of the House to oppose FDR’s request for a Declaration of War against Japan after Pearl Harbor.
There has been a constant conflict between the government and the press regarding the right of a journalist to refuse to disclose his/her sources for a story or to reveal his/her notes or outtakes. Reporters would sometimes be subpoenaed and if they refused to testify or disclose the subpoenaed information, they could be held in contempt of court and fined, jailed or both. However, one of the major reasons reporters have been able to get information on the malfeasance and incompetence of government is that leakers and whistleblowers have been willing to provide information to the press is that they are confident that the press will not disclose the source. The courts have ruled that journalists have no special rights regarding subpoenas, so the outcome of the conflict depends on the political decision of the administration. Risen had been subpoenaed during the George W. Bush Administration and he and the New York Times had fought the case all the way up to the Supreme Court which ruled, that Risen had no special right wo withhold information about a possible crime. That seemed to leave Risen with his “two choices”.
The Shakers were an American religion and pacifists Lincoln learned. He was so impressed with their sincerity and way of life that he exempted Shaker men from the draft—the first conscientious objectors formally recognized in America. However, Lincoln made the statement to the Shakers which greatly impressed them and caused much reflection. Quakers had been pacifists also, but until the Civil War Draft there was no mechanism to test.
encouraging liberation movements in Eastern Europe Referring to Hungary
This was Ford in the middle of his career. As he got older, he changed radically. He was later one of the biggest supporters and admirers of Adolf Hitler and his aggressive militarism.
First woman elected to Congress. Vote against the Declaration of World War I requested by President Woodrow Wilson. The Congresswoman was consistent. When President Roosevelt asked Congress for a declaration of war against Japan after Pearl Harbor, she cast the only "no" vote. She was therefore the only member of Congress who voted against the declaration of War in both WWI and WWII.
