Barry Eichengreen Quotes
Why was there so much work-sharing in the 1930s? One reason is that government pushed for it. In his memoirs, President Herbert Hoover estimated that as many as two million workers avoided unemployment as a result of his efforts to promote work-sharing.
Eichengreen, Barry. "The Jobless Tragedy." Project Syndicate, 13 Jan. 2012.
This is a statement that in the early 21st century would be made only by ultra liberals. But in the in the late 1940’s this was not only standard democratic party thinking, but a large number of Republicans thought of the Government as the employer of last resort including their Presidential standard bearer.
In the midst of the depression:
The country was in the midst of the Great Depression with a huge part of the nation unemployed. President Hoover and the Republicans had refused to provide any direct assistance to the unemployed—there was no unemployment insurance then. They actually believed that there was a danger of corrupting workers by providing assistance and ruining the American workforce. FDR probably saved the nation from massive violence by providing direct help to the unemployed but notice the way that he had to phrase such a notion which was then regarded as radical and socialistic by many conservatives.
This statement was a total reverse of his predecessor’s policy. Hoover stubbornly refused to consider any direct relief for workers on the philosophical ground that it would weaken their character, make them dependent, and provide benefits for the people who were not working so the motivation to work would be lessened. When FDR pronounced this on the radio, it dramatically reversed U. S. policy and gave many people hope that the government might do something about the depression rather than just wait out the business cycle.
Barry Julian Eichengreen (born 1952) is an American economist who holds the title of George C. Pardee and Helen N. Pardee Professor of Economics and Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley, where he has taught since 1987. Eichengreen currently serves as a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and as a Research Fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research.