Michael Spence Quotes
Properly targeted public investment can do much to boost economic performance, generating aggregate demand quickly, fueling productivity growth by improving human capital, encouraging technological innovation, and spurring private-sector investment by increasing returns.
Spence, Michael. "The Infrastructure Imperative." Project Syndicate, 2014.
Mises defines government revenue in such a manner that it always relly belonged to individuals, therefore when government invests in enterprises that accumulate capital via profits, Mises does not consider it capital accumulation. One counterexample of this point is the George Washington Bridge in New York, built in Mises lifetime by Robert Moses of the New York Port Authority. The tolls on the bridge paid off the bondholders who financed much of the initial construction. But then capital started to accumulate at such a rapid rate that Moses was able to build other capital projects ranging from highways to the World Trade Center Buildings with capital constantly accumulated. The New York Port Authority under Moses generated more capital appreciation than any corporation that had been in existence at that point. And he could not even sell stock. However, the Port Authority and a few others were exceptions. Generally government did was unable to accumulate capital in its enterprises.
This is a classic illustration of a quotation illustrating the problem that political discussions have with the issue of causality. Conrad is absolutely correct in stating that investment and innovation as the direct cause for most productivity. However, without the demand created by consumption (or the prospect of it) there will be little capital and effort at innovation. There is a causal chain and different ideological proponents argue for their preferred link in the chain tending to ignore the other links. Many liberals tout increasing consumption and pay little attention to the investment and innovation—an error of the opposite of Conrad’s.
Andrew Michael Spence is a Canadian-American economist and Nobel laureate.