Malcolm X Quotes
It'll be the ballot or the bullet. It'll be liberty or it'll be death
X, Malcolm. "The Ballot or the Bullet." 3 Apr. 1964, Cory Methodist Church, Cleveland, Ohio.
This phrase was also to be used over 100 years later by Malcolm X. See {624101} and {38291}.
The reference is to the recently-passed Fugitive Slave Law, which many New Englanders, including Emerson, detested and vowed not to uphold.
St. Domingue was the name of Haiti which had had the only successful national slave revolt, but it was incredibly bloody with many casualties.
This speech is often referred to as the “Ballot or the Bullet” speech. It was the first time that Malcolm X used the “Ballot or the Bullet”. He was not the first African American to use the “Ballot or the Bullet” phrase. See {624102} for a use over 100 years ago. However, he was really arguing to allow Blacks to vote in the South where it was almost impossible at the time. There was no Voting Rights Act at that time and it was his actions that helped pass one shortly thereafter.
He was the first American citizen who was assassinated by the Central Intelligence Agency by means of a drone attack. He was a major recruiter for Al Qaeda, and he preached to 3 of the 9-11 terrorists.
Malcolm X was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. He is best known for his time spent as a vocal spokesman for the Nation of Islam.