Medgar Evers Quotes
First it was the whites, and then their Negro message bearers. And the word was always the same: 'Tell your sons to take their names off the books. Don't show up at the courthouse voting day.'
Evers, Medgar. "Why I Live in Mississippi." Ebony, vol. 14, no. 1, Johnson Publishing Company, Nov. 1958, p. 66.
Preclearance was a requirement that any change in the voting or registration laws, rules or procedures needed to be approved by the Federal Justice Department. He was testifying about why preclearance was important and why it was placed in the Voting Rights Act every time it was reauthorized. See {635271} for what happens without preclearance.
At the time Negroes were prohibited from voting by a series of discriminatory criteria for voter registration and intimidation so that Blacks would not generally even try to register. But the Civil Rights movement changed tactics and organized large scale attempts at voter registration. Mayor Thompson and the white power structure of the town were not going to allow that. They had not only enlarged the police department but the city purchased an a small armed tank.
The President was asking for passage of his Voting Rights Bill.
In the South racism was so extensive that Blacks were not allowed to even vote. Brooke had moved from the South to Massachusetts and there as in the North, Midwest and West, African Americans could vote. So the first time Brooke ever voted he was a candidate.
Vardaman, on of America’s worst racists, was one of the main drafters of that constitution. This is an example of why the Voting Rights Act was later needed to unravel a endemic system of keeping African Americans from voting or having any part in politics.
This was art of the Nixon "Southern Strategy" to alienate the white supremacists and racists from the Democratic Party with Civil Rights legislation and rhetoric, and get most of them to become Republicans. But as Phillips observed, when Negroes began voting in significant numbers in the South the party switching really accelerated.
Opposing national attempts to give Blacks the vote in the South:
At that time a number of state legislatures all changed their state voting laws to require citizens who try to register to vote to have documentation of various kinds and or obtain special documentation. These were generally possessed by upper class and educated people but not in as large proportions by lower and working class people. To obtain the documents and register if things like original birth certificates were not possessed, the citizen had to lose much of a day’s work and travel some distance. The burden existed on most lower class people and especially the minorities. The courts nullified some of these discriminatory requirements for voter registration, but many were allowed. The rationale was to prevent voter fraud and yet there were almost no cases of voter fraud in the entire country. While the requirements were racially discriminatory, they were also socioeconomically discriminatory. By coincidence, or perhaps not, every state that added these requirements had a Republican controlled state legislature AND a Republican Governor. Despite the effort to suppress Obama and Democratic voters, the effort backfired. Minorities and especially Blacks were so outraged that Jim Crow voting suppression had returned that they made a huge effort to register and get out the vote and Blacks voted in a much larger proportion than historical and well over 90 percent voted for Obama who won the election handily.
The all white regular Mississippi Delegation was selected in elections where Blacks were barred from voting although Blacks were in the majority in Mississippi. In addition, the regular party was advocating obstructing the Supreme Court school integration decisions and the Civil Rights Act that had just been passed. See {637616}. The insurgent group was selected in integrated elections, contained black and white delegates, and was pledged to support and obey the laws. The President could not make the decision unilaterally, but had a great deal of influence.
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