Separate Nation Quotes
Before the French Revolution, Jews could freely practice their own religion in France but they could not hold citizenship, become professionals, or a host of other privileges of citizenship. Clermont-Tonnerre and other liberals argued that Jews should be given citizenship. The Jacobins--conservative Catholics close to the Papacy--opposed granting citizenship to Jews or Protestants. One argument that the Jacobins gave was that each of these sects would be separate nations within France and not necessarily have French national interest as a priority. Clermont-Tonnerre gave this response which has been the French philosophy about minority citizenship since then. Their thought was that anyone may become a French citizen as an individual but he or she should do so because he/she wants to accept French values and support the French nation. This view worked quite will over the years until the large immigration of Muslims starting in the 1960s where many new immigrants just wanted to live in France and earn a living there, but did not want to identify with French national aspirations or adopt French culture or values. America, had no such demands and those immigrants who tended to identify primarily with their country or culture of origin and not assimilate were allowed to do so, but the American way of life was so attractive that many immigrants did adopt it and even if they did not, their children almost inevitably did. That has not happened in France.
At the time, the Muslim League did not even represent the majority of Muslims of India. . In a number of areas—Kashmir being the most notable—there were a majority of Muslims yet enough of them preferred to remain with India than be part of Pakistan as they were Islamic moderates and did not want to be part of a Muslim Pakistan that might pressure them or force them to a more rigid form of Islam. Also many valued democracy and religious freedom. Some doubted Pakistan's likelihood of thriving in its own and preferred the stability of India. Jinnah always claimed that Pakistan would allow complete freedom of religion, but once Pakistan was created Islamic fundamentalist pressure pushed it more and more to intolerance and religious persecution of other religions. By the 21st century, Pakistan had become one of the most intolerant nations on earth.
Once the Muslims got their separate country, the Buddhists tried to do the same. The disaster of the Pakistan partition was not about to be be repeated so it never happened.
The state tried to nullify a Federal law in the early part of this ordinance {592185}. In this latter part South Carolina threatened to secede if the Federal Government were to try and enforce the tariff. This was their first threat of secession. They did not go through with it, but over 30 years later were the first Southern state to rebel and secede from the Union, The protectionist tariff was instituted to support American domestic manufacturers from competition from England and the rest of Europe. America then was an emerging underdeveloped country, but it would not take too long before America developed the best manufacturing in the world. The South was generally opposed to the tariff as they had little manufacturing to protect, and because of their slave labor system was not interested much in manufacturing, but since they had to pay more for manufactured items, they opposed the tariff. Also the maritime ports of New England who lost the shipping trade from Europe were opposed. Generally the rest of the country favored it. To compromise, the Jackson administration lowered the tariff slightly, but that did not satisfy the opponents, who continued to fight it.
