Colonial Mindset Quotes
This was in response to English Emissaries who wanted to establish trading businesses in China. The Emperor would not even meet personally with Lord McCartney, the first British envoy because McCartney would not kow-tow to the Emperor. The “hongs” were special businesses set up by Chinese businessmen who had paid the Proper fee, for the purposes of being traders with foreigners. Canton, now Guangzhou, is 150 years later still the major international trading center in China although there are no longer restrictions. At the time, the British paid for their Chinese good with Opium that they had purchased in their Indian Colony. English cloth and other goods would be sent to India, traded for opium, which was brought to China and traded for tea, silks and porcelain which were returned to England and turned into cash than was worth much more than their original purchase and the cost of the voyage.
Germany had been Turkey’s traditional ally so this was another of his radical changes—tilting toward Britain.
At the time, the major European countries were in a competitive scramble for colonies in Africa—so much so that there were very few independent territories left. The maps and borders of Africa were really decided by the Europeans.
Even into the 21st century, the problem was not solved and Muslims from Pakistan continue their futile but tragic terrorist tactics to try and acquire more territory from India." 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
1st Baron Macaulay
In 1820, convoyed by the war-sloop Cyane, American free Negroes (33 men ,18 women and some children) set out for Africa pursuant to a new program authorized by Congress and President Monroe. However, the details of the endeavor had not been worked out and after the Negroes’ experience in the U. S. the would-be settlers were suspicious of all government.
The fascist, military clique that ran Japan at the time had no respect for treaties or International Law as understood by most Western nations. China was a land of warlords and corrupt military leaders. There was then an extensive history of Anti-Asian feeling and activity in America. Stimson, made the classic mistake of correctly assessing the Japanese leaders but generalizing from them and some Chinese corrupt military leaders to all Asians and their governments. Indeed, after the American occupation of Japan ending WWII, the Japanese adapted to democracy very well and have been instrumental in making and keeping many international treaties,