Niccolo Machiavelli Quotes
When settling disputes between his subjects, he should ensure that his judgement is irrevocable; and he should be so regarded that no one ever dreams of trying to deceive or trick him.
Machiavelli, Niccolò. The Prince. Translated by George Bull, Penguin Books, 1999, p. 58.
The papyrus appears to be an instruction booklet for government officials.
Islam was not very strong at this point and the followers of Muhammad were relatively few and Medina area contained Arab Non-Believers, Jews as well as the new Muslims. Muhammad drew up this document and got the non Muslims to agree to it. What is fascinating is that they bought into the idea that Muhammad would be the judge and final arbitrator of all disputes that were not resolved locally. The non Muslims agreed to this because Muhammad had been judging disputes for several years for those who would submit their cases to them. In a time of inconsistency, corruption, capriciousness and arbitrariness, Muhammad had developed a remarkable reputation for fairness, consistency, objectivity, and complete honesty. He could not be bought as most judges were at the time. He simply had demonstrated that he was the best man for the job.
Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli was an Italian Renaissance diplomat, philosopher and writer, best known for The Prince (Il Principe), written in 1513. He has often been called the father of modern political philosophy and political science.