Alexander Meiklejohn Quotes
We do not debar Congress from all action upon the freedom of speech. Legislation that abridges that freedom is forbidden, but not legislation to enlarge and enrich it
Alexander Meiklejohn, 1872-1964, Philosopher & President of Amherst College, United States Delegate to the Charter Meeting of USESCO, Member of the National Committee of the American Civil Liberties Union, Political Freedom 1948
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The 1st Amendment is almost absolute in its protection of speech. However, ironically the Untied States has much less internecine conflict with minorities better off than the nations where hate speech is illegal and criminal.
The Nazis were banned from demonstrating in the streets of Skokie, Illinois on the grounds that they would incite violence. However, Goldberger of the ACLU took their case and won their right to spew their hatred before the Supreme Court.
In WWI Congress had passed a law that prohibited anyone from undermining or interfering with the war effort. The defendants had passed out anti-war literature to young men heading for military service. The court then overlooked the First Amendment and came up with a strange logic where the “clear and present danger” was the test of whether the First Amendment would apply. The anti war pamphleteers went to jail. Today, we look back on this and find it very surprising but this is yet another example of erosion of freedom and civil liberties when the nation is at war. By the 1950s, the Supreme Court had reversed itself and the First Amendment was restored to its original intent.
Alexander Meiklejohn was a philosopher, university administrator, educational reformer, and free-speech advocate, best known as president of Amherst College.