Sandra Day O'Connor Quotes
The prima facie evidence provision in this case ignores all of the contextual factors that are necessary to decide whether a particular cross burning is intended to intimidate. The First Amendment does not permit such a shortcut.
O'Connor, Sandra Day. Majority opinion. Virginia v. Black, 538 U.S. 343, Supreme Court of the United States, 7 Apr. 2003, p. 367.
Striking down a law making cross burning a crime:
Responding to George W. Bush's call for a constitutional amendment to make burning of the American flag illegal:
In this case, the Supreme Court held that burning or desecrating the American flag may not be prohibited or criminalized by the government. Flag burning, they ruled, is symbolic speech and is protected by the 1st amendment just like political pamphlets.
Sandra Day O'Connor is a retired attorney and politician who served as the first woman associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 to 2006. She was the first woman nominated and confirmed. Nominated by President Ronald Reagan, she was considered the swing vote for the Rehnquist Court and the beginning of the Roberts Court.