James A. Garfield Quotes
It is a terrible thing to live in fear of their constituents to the extent which many members [of Congress] do. I would rather be defeated every day in the year than suffer such fear.
James A. Garfield, 1831-1881, 20th President of the United States (Republican, OH), Diary, February 19, 1872
Sourced by: Eigen's Political and Historical Quotations
This is a formal codification of the position that was made by the great orator Edmund Burke: {194922}.
American Congressional politics had reached the point where whenever a member of Congress voted on a controversial issue, there would be enough lobbyists, corporation, money and single issue voters to run a candidate against the member of Congress in the primaries. So even if a politician voted with the majority of his/her constituency in a controversial issue, an irate minority with money could possible defeat the member in the primary election. Even if the member won the primary, he/she would still have to raise more money to contest it and then the member might be so wounded by a bitter negative primary that he/she would be vulnerable in the general election.
See Sargent Shriver for a similar view.
James Abram Garfield was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March to September 1881. Garfield was shot by an assassin four months into his presidency and died two months later. He is the only sitting member of the United States House of Representatives to be elected to the presidency.