Walter Kohn Quotes
I was born in 1923 into a middle class Jewish family in Vienna, a few years after the end of World War I, which was disastrous from the Austrian point of view.
Kohn, Walter. "Walter Kohn - Biographical." Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1998, edited by Tore Frängsmyr, Nobel Foundation, 1999.
1st Baron Salter
In Christian Europe anti-Semitism was rampant until the end of WWII. Innocent Jews were tortured and massacred. Many Islamic lands were much more tolerant and humane; many Jews not only flocked to them but thrived. Great Jewish Rabbis and philosophers did much creative work in Islamic lands—especially Andalusia which was then a Muslim nation. So many Muslims who deplored the Holocaust were puzzled when the United Nations placed the Jewish Homeland in the Middle East. Why not have Israel in Germany? However the Jews had a kingdom encompassing Palestine, Lebanon, Syria and much else of the Middle East centuries before Arabs ever came to the area and Islam existed. The Jews had conquered; then others did, and then the Ottoman Turks. Everyone with a claim on Palestine has taken it from some other people and then has had it taken from them by others. But there is a type of argument that the historically worst anti-Semites should provide the land for Israel.
His response was typical of the German intelligencia and the upper middle class at the time. They neither took the old militarists nor Hitler’s Fascist Brownshirts very seriously, even when they were seizing power. The Nazis and the militarists had attributed the harsh terms that the Treaty of Versailles ending WWI was attributed to a cabal of Jews who had embedded themselves in key positions advising the American, English, and French leadership so they could dominate the world. But first, they had to weaken Germany because the Jews knew that the German leadership was aware of their plans and would be their strongest obstacle. This fantastic conspiracy theory came from the notorious forgery, The Protocol of the Enders of Zion which had been published and distributed heavily among the German right wing. Hitler and his henchmen used this existing libel, to dupe most Germans, among whom there was extensive anti-Semitism, into thinking that the Jews were responsible for most of the serious ills of Germany at the time—the terrible economy and inflation, the weakened military, the loss of the Sudetenland and their overseas colonies, the sexual immorality in Germany, the Communist agitators, the perception of most of the civilized world that the Germans were dangerous militarists who had to be contained.
The Romanovs were the family of the Russian Czars while the Hapsburgs were the family names of the Emperors of Austria. The Austrian Army Chief of Staff hated the Russians and was constantly urging war against Czarist Russia. The archduke, the heir to the Austrian throne, was constantly arguing against attacking Russia. When Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, it triggered WWI. He was no longer able to have a voice against war, and Austria and Russia were soon at war. At the end of WWI, the Austrian Empire—an ally of Germany was broken up and the Russian Revolution ended the Romanov dynasty. The Archduke was absolutely right.
This quotation is important for two reasons. First, it shows that there was a very hostile environment in Europe well before the assassination of the Archduke of Austria that “triggered” WWI. Second, that the Germans were racist before Hitler ever came on the scene. The Emperor demagogued the issue and took it to new extremes, but the evil was there. To the Germans, the Slavs and Russians were a lesser form of humanity than the Germans. The Austrians were threatening to attack Serbia and Russia. The Austro-Hungarian Empire, ruled many ethnic Slavs, Russians and Muslims—the lower forms of humanity—and long before Hitler, Wilhelm and other leading Germans thought that the Germanic Peoples should rule that part of the world as the lesser “races” were not fit to rule.
. We cannot suffer a foreign government to allow plots to our polity to be hatched on its territory!
The assassins and plotters who murdered the Archduke of Austria in Sarajevo were 5 Serbs and a Bosnian. They planned their operation in Serbia. This was the excuse that Austria was giving for going to war with Serbia who had an alliance with Russia.
German ally, the Austro-Hungarian Empire had declared war on Serbia. See {642085}. The Russian Czar was under great pressure because a large Roman Catholic Empire was warring against a small Orthodox co-religionist of Russia and Russians of all classes wanted Russia to defend Serbia. The Czar was making a good faith effort to stave off the war. What he did not realize was that Germany had actually planned for war against Russia and France and was using the alliance with Austria as an excuse.
The report was from Heinrich von Tschirschky, the German ambassador to Austria-Hungary. He recommended that Germany persuade Austria-Hungary to not attack Serbia, not realizing the German leaders had already planned a war with Russia and saw the issues between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Serbia was a good excuse to implement their war plans (see {642092}).
The existing treaties of many of the different European countries like the NATO Treaty obliged them to assist their allies if they were involved in war. Once Austria attacked Serbia, Russia had to assist Serbia against Austria. Germany then joined with Austria and that triggered the treaty whereby France had to support Russia. And when Germany overran Belgium to attack France, England was obligated to come to Belgium’s defense. The only country that had planned for and wanted war was Germany who used her obligation to Austria as the excuse to implement her war plans (see {642092}). The entire Western World was at war when all but one nation wanted to avoid war. The communications and diplomacy of the time could not keep up with events and one of the worst wars in history ensued.
The Germans had just passed a law making it illegal for a Jew to work as a teacher, professor, government official, scientist, or researcher. Szilard, a Jewish Hungarian politically astute physicist who was working in Germany was trying to organize a plan for the rescue of the Jewish German scientists—to place them in scientific or teaching positions in other countries. Kuhnwald, himself a Jew, was not only a very experienced politician, but one who had been following the Nazi Germany political scene “next door” to predict the future effect on Austria.
Slovenia was an unenthusiastic part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and whose young males were required to serve as soldiers in the Empire’s armies. See {641812} for more on Conrad’s part in the war.
Walter Kohn was an Austrian-American theoretical physicist and theoretical chemist. He was awarded, with John Pople, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998. The award recognized their contributions to the understandings of the electronic properties of materials. In particular, Kohn played the leading role in the development of density functional theory, which made it possible to calculate quantum mechanical electronic structure by equations involving the electronic density (rather than the many-body wavefunction). This computational simplification led to more accurate calculations on complex systems as well as many new insights, and it has become an essential tool for materials science, condensed-phase physics, and the chemical physics of atoms and molecules.
