Ralph Waldo Emerson Quotes
Emancipation at one stroke elevates the poor white of the South, and identifies his interest with that of the Northern laborer.
During Southern slavery, the poor white of the South had almost no prospects. He was always competing against slave labor which held his wages very low. At first he could he could get by if he had a trade—a carpenter, a blacksmith, a teamster, etc. However, soon slave owners invested in training some of their slaves, so even a white Southern tradesman could not earn a high wage as a Northern tradesman did. Unfortunately, the Southern upper class persuaded the poor whites that if slaves were emancipated they would be greater competition than they were under slavery, and there never was the common interest with the Northern labor that Emerson hypothesized.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803-1882, Poet & Essayist, “American Civilization”, The Atlantic, April 1862
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This fascinating quotation is very frequently quoted out of context. For example even in modern times some Southern slavery apologists quote this passage stating that Adams saw no moral difference between slavery and employment of the lower classes. And anti-capitalists have claimed that this was an attack on capitalism as no better than slavery for many workers. Neither is true. The debate was on the head taxes that states should pay to the central government. Southerners were claiming that they should not have to pay per person taxes on slaves. Adams position was that they should pay in that there is no practical difference in the work and working conditions very often. If slaves should be exempted from the head tax, so should the poor, lower class workers like the fisherman in New England. He always maintained at huge moral difference between a poor free worker and a slave even thought their working conditions might be similar.
Armstrong was a Union military chaplain with the troops that had captured Petersburg, Virginia. It is interesting how much he and apparently many of the Union Soldiers saw their part in the war as a crusade to reform the South. Also, note that although the South was fighting to preserve the slavery system that benefitted the rich, the rich often did not fight or join the military. Surprisingly to us today, if a man owned a certain number of slaves, he was then exempt from required military service.
Ingersoll was considered to be the greatest orator and political thinker of his day, but his overt atheistic views curtailed his elected political career.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, who went by his middle name Waldo, was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, abolitionist and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.