John Jay Quotes
Nothing is more certain than the indispensable necessity of government; and it is equally undeniable that whenever and however it is instituted, the people must cede to it some of their natural rights, in order to vest it with requisite powers.
John Jay, 1745-1829, President of the Continental Congress, Governor of New York (Federalist), U. S. Foreign Secretary, First Chief Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court, The Federalist No. 2
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Lieber is best known because he was assigned by President Lincoln to study the then international laws of war and prepare a manual for the guidance of union troops in the Civil War. Lincoln then issued the document as a general order.
There is a certain redundancy in that “Fenian” means “Party.”
“Magistrates” at the time were rulers and heads of government and state. There was little or no separation of powers and the chief magistrate could make edicts and laws, enforce them and be the judge and jury as well. In the United States, the President is also called the “Chief Magistrate” even though his powers are only within the Executive Branch. For us today, “Magistrate” usually refers to a judge or other official of the Judicial Branch.
There was a belief among some anti-Federalists that the people lost their power by electing representatives and not having a direct democracy as in many New England communities. Ames gave the counter argument.
This is just the opposite of the American Democracy in which the government serves the citizens rather than the Fascist opposite notion.
John Jay was an American statesman, patriot, diplomat, Founding Father, abolitionist, negotiator, and signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783. He served as the second Governor of New York and the first Chief Justice of the United States (1789–1795). He directed U.S. foreign policy for much of the 1780s and was an important leader of the Federalist Party after the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788.
