James Mackintosh Quotes
It is not because we have been free, but because we have a right to be free, that we ought to demand freedom. Justice and liberty have neither birth nor race, youth nor age.
Mackintosh, James. Vindiciae Gallicae: Defence of the French Revolution and Its English Admirers. G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1791.
This verse is inscribed on the Liberty Bell and the Statue of Liberty base.
A classic potential conflict is between attaining liberty AND justice. In quest for one, the other can suffer. Many reforms and revolutions do not get this balance right.
Although not particularly noticed at the time, FDR was the first person to use the term, “Human Rights” which is today in all our vocabularies.
Rights belong to the individual according to Rawls, not to the community of subgroups. Justice demands that the rights of the individual may not be sacrificed for the supposed benefit of the community or entire society. Not all agree with this, but it tends to differentiate Western cultural values from most others in the world where group, community or national benefit
Sir James Mackintosh FRS FRSE was a Scottish jurist, Whig politician and historian. His studies and sympathies embraced many interests. He was trained as a doctor and barrister, and worked also as a journalist, judge, administrator, professor, philosopher and politician.