Edwin Grant Conklin Quotes
Heredity is to-day the central problem of biology. This problem may be approached from many sides—that of the breeder, the experimenter, the statistician, the physiologist, the embryologist, the cytologist—but the mechanism of heredity can be studied best by the investigation of the germ cells and their development.
This quotation illustrates how the priorities of science change over time as a result of learning more and developing new techniques and tools.
Edwin Grant Conklin, 1863-1952, Biologist, “The Mechanism of Heredity”, Science, 1905
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As early as this was in scientific history, he essentially described the process whereby new species are formed by the mutation from the old series.
Darwin’s work had polarized England into two camps. Spencer was one of the major public supporters of Darwin. Tennyson expressed a similar intuitive view a decade earlier {627586}. Spencer reasoned that if an egg cell and a sperm cell could produce a human in 9 months, why was it not plausible that the cell could become a human in hunreds of millions of years.
See President Clinton’s quotation at the same press conference {628400}.
Venter developed an entirely new method of finding new species and hence new genes by collecting water samples from all over the world and using computers to catalog all the life forms and determine whether or not each is new and then isolating the genes if unique. As a very wealthy business man he had a personal sailing yacht which he turned over to graduate students and young scientists who then sailed much of the world taking indiscriminate samples, preserving them and sending them back to Venter’s computer bank for analysis. The cost per gene and specie discovered was amazingly small as it was an industrialization of finding new life forms.
This quotation is important for two reasons. First, it appears to be the first use of the nature-nurture words to discuss this concept. Second, this “conclusion” started one of the longest running scientific debates in biology—nurture vs nature.