Mineral Extraction Quotes
The discovery started a white frenzy to prospect the Black Hills. The trouble was that the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie had guaranteed the Black Hills to the Lakota Sioux. The Army tried to keep the white gold seekers out, but it was too difficult and there was not great public support for honoring the treaty. So the army decided to buy the Black Hills from the Indians and open it to legal prospecting. But the Sioux refused to sell not wanting to trade their sacred land for money and having no interest in gold. So the whites broke the treaty and took the gold anyway. This led to the hostilities and the greatest Indian victory wiping out Custer and his men at the Battle of the Little Big Horn.
Previous governments had attempted to privatize the economy and sold off many of the nationally owned enterprises. Morales, a socialist, began reversing the cycle and “nationalized” the natural gas supply which is plentiful. Bolivia had been getting a very small percentage compared with world standards and Morales renegotiated the percentage for the government, but left the management in private hands. So in that sense he did not “nationalize” the hydrocarbons. The Bolivian mines represented another problem entirely. For years, featherbedding had created tens of thousands of unnecessary jobs for the mining, nut necessary to the people who were employed and the economy. But private operators always wanted to reduce the number of workers to only what was needed. So the nationalization problem was to increase the productivity of the Bolivian mines, maintain the exports of the mined products and maintain the employment---a difficult balancing act.