Clovis I Quotes
If three men carry off a free born girl, they shall be compelled to pay 30 shillings. If there are more than three, each one [additional] shall pay 5 shillings. Those who commit rape shall be compelled to pay 2500 denars, which make 63 shillings.
To put the fine in perspective 200 shillings was the penalty for poisoning someone whereas 15 shillings was the penalty for trespassing and trampling someone’s crops. Even slandering a woman’s chastity carried a very severe penalty. The Salic Law is one of the very few documentations of the Merovingian dynasty.
Clovis I, 466-511, King of the Franks, The Salic Law
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The other Southern States had similar legal principles while still maintaining the hypocrisy that their legal system was grounded on Christian morality.
Note that in pre-Muslim Arabia, a woman was not punished if she was raped as is currently done in some Muslim countries.
Precursor to the FBI. Through the efforts of Finch and others such a Federal law was passed.
This early New England law illustrates some interesting aspects of Colonial law enforcement and philosophy. Massachusetts was perhaps the most religiously rigid and orthodox of the colonies. Yet in the case of rape, they did not always follow the Mosaic Law as some other colonies did. Instead, they had the concept of judicial discretion built into their sentencing. The other point of interest is that there was an “age of consent” albeit, for a female it was 10 years old.
This proverb which actually has the force of de facto law in much of the Arab world, while detested by many sophisticated Westerners and Americans in particular, was actually a custom in America for many years. Under the principle, a rapist is not a rapist if he marries the girl. A seducer is not a seducer. In the Bedouin culture there is no difference between the rapist and the seducer. The reason that the practice is so hateful is that it assumes that when a woman is raped or seduced the damage is to the woman’s male relatives—to their honor. Therefore, the “crime” can be remedied by marrying the girl and satisfying the male relative’s sense of honor. Then no harm has been done, except of course to the woman who often becomes the double victim, first of the rape or seduction and then of a forced marriage. In modern America the honor of the male relatives has no standing in law, yet even today some judges and prosecutors will go easy on a statutory rapist or worse if he marries the girl and the girls family goes along with the arrangement. The term “shotgun wedding” stems from a time when family members would force the alternative on seducers.
At the time. the Islamic government supported forces in Sudan systematically raped as many women as they could in order to intimidate the Christian rebels. At around the same time, a village council in Pakistan had ruled that a Pakistani woman should be gang raped as punishment to her family for the alleged transgressions of her brother. African rebels were also using the tactic as an intimidation tactic.
Pakistan follows a version of Islamic Law—Sharia—which provides that a man can be convicted of rape only if there are at least 4 male witnesses. Since it is virtually impossible to ever get 4 witnesses to a crime like that, there will never be a conviction. However, the complaining victim runs two additional dangers. First she is admitting to fornication and or adultery and can be jailed or even killed for that. Further, Pakistan males regard her as a prostitute and the police will also rape her very often.
Note that prostitutes were also protected.
Goodman is citing the 2003 poll conducted by the pro-choice Center for the Advancement of Women, who found that the majority of women believe abortion should be legal only in three cases -- rape, incest, or danger to the life of the mother.
Murder was then punishable by paying a fine to the relatives of the deceased to compensate for his “value.” However, were all people to be valued alike? Alfred said, “Yes,” and the fine was fixed regardless of the ethnicity of the victim.
One of the first anti-slavery formal resolutions in America.
This early Pennsylvania law is surprising to many readers. Homosexuality under Mosaic law which most colonies followed was a capital crime. In the case of a Massachusetts rape law 3-years earlier, the judge was given discretion in imposing the death penalty for a traditional Biblical Capital Crime. However, in this Pennsylvania law, there was no provision for capital punishment for homosexual acts. Whipping was as far as they went.
Rendition is the process whereby one country sends a prisoner to another country for interrogation under the theory that the second country can use methods that would be illegal in the first country. Usually torture is involved.
Often referred to as “The Dean of Black Historians.”. Although critical of the behavior of Africans involvement in the slave trade, Person-Lynn maintains that there was a qualitative difference between African concepts of slavery where the enslavement was conceptually of human beings whereas the chattel slavery of the Atlantic trade considered the slaves as sub-human property. It is arguable as to which of the two views is the greater moral failure, but many regard it as a difference not worth much in that both views were grossly immoral and had devastating consequences for a large number of people.
There are over 600.000 reported rape cases in South Africa each year. Since most rape goes unreported the real total is much larger, making South Africa the worst country in the world on a sexual violence scale. There are many reasons suggested for the South African extreme. However, since apartheid was overthrown, all ANC Governments had had a reluctance to have heavy police action for anything and there is a general reluctance to imprison people as this was what the apartheid regimes did. So all criminal activity is relatively high in South Africa.
Frank Wisner headed the recruiting effort which began with his personal friends and college chums. No one had any idea of what skills and standards were needed. Actually the WWII OSS (Office of Strategic Services) had a good track record and profiles of good agents, but Director Donovan lost out in the political infighting and was not selected to head the new CIA. Those who ran that agency did not want to do anything that looked like the old OSS so they began by reinventing the wheel.
Clovis was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing the form of leadership from a group of royal chieftains to rule by a single king and ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs. He is considered to have been the founder of the Merovingian dynasty, which ruled the Frankish kingdom for the next two centuries.
