Edwin J. Gray Quotes
I felt terrified as the chief regulator that I would start a run on my own industry
by disclosing elements of the savings and loan scandal.
Edwin J. Gray, Chairman, Federal Home Loan Bank Board (Republican), C-SPAN, The Media and The Savings and Loan Scandal, November 3, 1990
Sourced by: Eigen's Political and Historical Quotations
Banks often lie. The system encourages them to do so. In a crisis, if a bank honestly says that it is not sure that it has enough cash and other liquid assets, others will not lend it any more money and depositors will rush to withdraw their money, thereby almost insuring a failure. The bank that lies, might weather the storm and survive.
The Meltdown of 2008 and Great Recession that it caused
He was referring to Fannie Mae, the government-created. private mortage guarantee company. It was heavily regulated, and in general it met the regulatory requirements. However, the requirements were insufficient, and in the 2008 Meltdown and the Great Recession that followed, Fannie Mae itself was in such bad financial condition, that the Federal Government had bail them out or have the entire home mortgage industry fall apart.
The savings and loan crises became clear shortly thereafter.
4 years after the Great Recession where major banks of America needed government bailouts to prevent failure the Administration and Federal Reserve board wanted to increase the capital requirements to increase the safety of the Banks. Essentially the banks would speculate and gamble with depositors’ money. If their investment paid off, there were large profits and bonuses for the executives. If it did not, they ran out of capital as they had very little of their own at risk. The government bailed them out and the executives got their bonuses anyway. The efforts to make the banks speculate with more of their own money were strongly opposed by the banks and bank executives.
Actually, even with higher capital requirements, the banks could take more risk but then they would have to risk their own money rather than their depositors’ funds. The depositors funds are at risk but if the risk pays off, only the bank and their executives profit. The depositors get nothing. If the bank loses their risky gamble, the major loss will be covered by the Government via a bail out and/or Federal Deposit Insurance money that protects most depositors. For the Banks, its “heads we win; tails the government loses”.
The Dodd Frank bill was designed, in the aftermath of the large bank induced meltdown of 2008 and the Great Recession, to regulate the banking industry so that no bank would be “too big to fail”. However, although the bill placed many restrictions on the banks to prevent much of their risky economic behavior, which the banks complained inhibited their growth and profitability. However, the bill did not put any limits on the size of the large banks and their critical proportion of the U. S. Financial System. If a bank was large enough, the government did not dare allow the bank to fail regardless of how profligate the Bank had been with its depositors’ money. So the shareholders made big money from the Bank’s risky behavior if it turned out well, and if not the taxpayers had to bail the banks out, because they were too big to fail without causing much of the rest of the country to also fail. Warren and others wanted a simple solution. Break up the large banks into smaller ones and then if any one of the small units makes poor investments, the bank could fail and other than its shareholders and creditors, the effect would not be so serious that the government could not allow the bank to go into bankruptcy. Mismanaged banks could fail like other mismanaged companies and not take down much or the rest of the country with them. But the banks lobbied to prevent that, and by 2014, 6 years after the taxpayers had to bail out banks that were too big to fail, many of the banks were twice as large as they were when they were already too big to fail.
