Johan N. Neem Quotes
Democratically elected leaders, forced to accommodate the real forces that shape their nation-state’s future—capital and the economic and military interests of more-powerful states—do so only to face the ire of their own citizens, who see themselves (perhaps rightly) as the losers of these compromises.]
Johann N. Neem, Historian, Book Review, Political Science Quarterly, Summer 2013
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President Wilson had gone to Paris for peace treaty negotiations. Ex-President Roosevelt was on his deathbed. But even then TR was his politically contentious self.
In Dolgoff’s era, his argument was that the political parties were so powerful that it was they who controlled who held public office, not the voters. And the parties were controlled by a few party leaders. However, when the system was reformed in the latter part of the 20th century, the individual incumbent member of Congress in America was so hard to dislodge due to the role of money and the advantage of incumbency, that the class of professional politicians was still very powerful. Reform had reduced the control of political parties but not politicians.
The strong American instinct toward unilateralism, narrowly defined self-interest, and operating under the banner of the United Nations has its traditional roots.
In the Watergate crisis H. R. Haldeman had asked for a Presidential pardon. A discussion of the request was held by some White House staff members:
