Claude Bernard Quotes
Ardent desire for knowledge, in fact, is the one motive attracting and supporting investigators in their efforts; and just this knowledge, really grasped and yet always flying before them, becomes at once their sole torment and their sole happiness. Those who do not know the torment of the unknown cannot have the joy of discovery which is certainly the liveliest that the mind of man can ever feel.
Bernard, Claude. An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine. Translated by Henry Copley Greene, Macmillan, 1927, p. 222.
At the time, this was a very political speech. Racism was rife in Germany and was being introduced into Italy by the Fascist government. Xenophobia was prevalent throughout Europe as WWI hatreds had been inflamed by the politicians. Bohr’s speech was considered a major attack on Fascism.
Most of the greatest scientific breakthroughs were motivated by a search for the truth, a desire to understand the world, and the joy of discovery, not utility. None the less, the results have had profound usefulness to humanity in most cases. After this basic research, there are other people who then specifically work to apply the basic research to improvement in the human condition. That is applied research. Each important basic research breakthrough spawns a host of applications that are then developed.
Claude Bernard was a French physiologist. Historian I. Bernard Cohen of Harvard University called Bernard "one of the greatest of all men of science". Among many other accomplishments, he was one of the first to suggest the use of a blinded experiment to ensure the objectivity of scientific observations. He originated the term milieu intérieur, and the associated concept of homeostasis (the latter term being coined by Walter Cannon).